He was one of the first theorists to develop the idea of the economy of scale.

Most issues we come across on a project are due to missing services or undefined duties within the laboratory equipment list.. Labs without extracting equipment can follow the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) guidance for air change rates, with supplementary cooling required from internal units such as fan coil units.For spaces requiring close temperature control, we do not use refrigerant-to- air cooling..

In labs with extracting equipment, especially fume cupboards, the make-up air required may be a very high volume and allow for centralised air cooling.We always review the possibility of variable-volume fume cupboards to reduce the energy demand, whilst being aware that the stack discharge on fume cupboards must remain constant, which means the fans will require a bleed damper to allow make-up air to enter the fan to maintain constant efflux velocity.With any fume extracting system, we will ensure the material of construction throughout the entire system is suitable for the extracted fumes.

Solvents and acids are particularly good at corroding metal, such as the metal fixing a fire damper to a wall..The electrical engineer should review with the client the earthing requirements, including static discharge within the floor construction or electromagnetic interference for sensitive equipment, and inform the lab design architect.

Some client laboratory equipment can be damaged or become dangerous if there’s a loss of power, so understanding any Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) requirements early on is essential.. As usual, the coordination between the MEP services becomes the difficult part of the latter stages.

It’s not unusual to have an extremely busy ceiling void, so it is important to start with the drainage and then the ventilation.Is it the postal address?

The single address with three blocks in it?.Next came the question of how best to approach obtaining the information.

Ricketts says local authorities were using a combination of approaches, from trawling through records (building control, planning and housing), to looking at GIS mapping, and even cycling the borough.In the end, his team used 3D modelling to help them identify the buildings above 18 metres, but many of them turned out to be private buildings, making it necessary to link with Land Registry and Companies House in order to find and contact the owners to obtain the data.